生物学杂志

生物学杂志 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (1): 42-.doi: 10. 3969/ j. issn. 2095-1736. 2022. 01. 042

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

两株锈菌重寄生菌毒素的分离鉴定及活性研究

  

  1. 1. 西南林业大学生命科学学院, 昆明650224;
    2. 中国科学院昆明植物研究所植物化学与西部植物资源持续利用国家重点实验室, 昆明650204)
  • 出版日期:2022-02-18 发布日期:2022-02-15
  • 通讯作者: 陈玉惠,博士,教授,主要从事资源微生物研究,E-mail:chenyuhui@swfu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:李靖,博士,副教授,主要从事微生物生理生化研究,E-mail: lijingcas@ swfu. edu. cn
  • 基金资助:
    云南省农业基础研究联合专项面上项目[2017FG001(-043)];国家自然科学基金项目(31260177)

Toxins isolation and identification from two mycoparasites of plant rust and its activities

  1. 1. Life Science College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650204, China
  • Online:2022-02-18 Published:2022-02-15

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摘要：

植物锈病防治非常困难,其生物防治重点集中在对其重寄生菌的研究方面。前期研究发现拟盘多毛孢(Pestalotiopsis kenyana)PG52 菌株和康宁木霉(Trichoderma koningii)8662 菌株对石楠叶锈病菌及茶藨生柱锈菌均有很强的重寄生作用,但其重寄生机制不清楚。采用活性追踪并结合传统天然产物化学的分离方法,首次从两株重寄生菌中分离得到两种对锈孢子有致死作用的毒素分子———3-硝基丙酸和柠檬酸。两种毒素分子均能使锈孢子细胞

膜的通透性发生改变,内含物外溢,被作用的锈孢子和对照相比明显变小,台盼蓝染色证实锈孢子死亡。分别用10 μg/ mL 的3-硝基丙酸和100 μg/ mL 的柠檬酸处理1 h,茶藨生柱锈菌的锈孢子致死率达到50%,当柠檬酸的质量浓度达到500 μg / mL 时,锈孢子的致死率达到90%。500 μg/ mL 的柠檬酸同时对石楠叶锈(Aecidium wenshanense)锈孢子、竹杆锈(Sterostratum corticioides)冬孢子和三叶草叶锈(Uromyces trifolii)夏孢子具有致死作用。实验结果为

重寄生机理的阐明和生物农药的开发奠定基础。


关键词: 重寄生菌, 毒素, 分离鉴定, 锈菌, 生物农药

Abstract:

The control of plant rust is very difficult and its biological control focuses on the study of mycoparasites. Previous studies showed that P. kenyana PG52 and T. koningii 8662 had strong parasitic effects on aeciospores of Aecidium wenshanense and Cronartium ribicola, however, the mechanism of mycoparasitism is unclear. Two kinds of toxins, identified as 3-nitro propionic acid and citric acid, were isolated from two mycoparasites using bioassay-guided method for the first time and they had a lethal effect on aeciospores.The cell membrane permeability of aeciospores was changed by two kinds of toxins and aeciospores were significantly smaller comparedwith the control. Aeciospores were confirmed dead by Trypan blue staining. After treatment by 10 μg/ mL 3-nitro propionic acid and 100 μg/ mL citric acid for 1 h, the fatality rate of aeciospores reached 50% by Trypan blue staining. When the mass concentration of citric acid was more than 500 μg/ mL, fatality rate reached 90%. Also 500 μg/ mL citric acid had a lethal effect on aeciospores of Aecidium pourthiaea, teliospores of Sterostratum corticioides and urediospores of Uromyces trifolii. The above results laid a foundation for mycoparasitism clarification and indicated a good biopesticide application prospect.

Key words: mycoparasite, toxin, isolation and identification, plant rust, biopesticide

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